Which statements correctly describe clientelism?

Characteristics and Institutions of Developing Countries MCQs for PPSC, FPSC, NTS, and Pakistan government job tests. Select an option below, then read the explanation.

Characteristics and Institutions of Developing Countries

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Characteristics and Institutions of Developing Countrieseconomics-mcqs › characteristics-and-institutions-of-developing-countries
Published
2 Jun 2019
Last updated
28 May 2026

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Explanation

Statement I refers to patrimonialism, which is related but distinct from clientelism. Statement II highlights that clientelism is prevalent in many less developed countries. Statement III defines clientelism as a personalized exchange between patrons and clients. Statement IV incorrectly describes a system based on unconditional loyalty and mutual benefits, which does not align with clientelism. Therefore, only statements II and III accurately describe clientelism.

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